THE ULTIMATE GUIDE: Anti-Aging Supplements

This list is constantly evolving and updated to reflect the latest anti-aging and biohacking advancements.

5-Amino-1MQ

This molecule inhibits an enzyme known as NNMT, which can significantly boost fat burning. This could potentially position it as a top-tier agent for body transformation, rivaled perhaps by tesofensine. Reports suggest remarkable outcomes with its use, including rapid fat loss, muscle gain, increased cellular energy, and enhanced athletic performance. Studies have shown fascinating outcomes, considering that body mass and strength are key indicators of longevity.

Agaricus Blazei

Agaricus Blazei mushrooms are emerging as a promising anti-aging supplement, attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These mushrooms may play a role in reducing chronic inflammation, thereby potentially preventing age-related diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer's. Additionally, Agaricus Blazei enhances immune function through beta-glucans, which could strengthen the body's defenses against infections and illnesses. Its rich antioxidant content also offers protection against oxidative stress, further contributing to its anti-aging benefits.

Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG)

Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG) is an integral Krebs cycle intermediate involved in energy production that also influences lifespan. AKG declines with age, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction. It enhances stem cell function and cellular regeneration while reducing inflammation through inhibitory effects on NF-kB. AKG supports muscle endurance and healthy aging by bolstering energy metabolism and mitochondrial performance. AKG also stimulates protein synthesis and acts as a precursor for collagen production. Through its critical roles in energy generation, gene expression modulation, and cellular repair, AKG shows promising anti-aging and biohacking potential.

Alpha-lipoic Acid

Alpha-lipoic acid is a unique antioxidant key to supporting mitochondrial function and healthy aging. It directly scavenges free radicals while also regenerating other antioxidants like vitamins C and E. Alpha-lipoic acid is fat and water-soluble, giving it an advantage in penetrating tissues other antioxidants cannot. Research shows it helps reduce oxidative damage to mitochondria and may help treat aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. Alpha-lipoic acid protects the brain, nerves, and heart from oxidative stress. With its ability to bolster the body’s antioxidant network and directly target mitochondria, alpha-lipoic acid is a powerful supplement for anti-aging and biohacking.

Astaxanthin

Astaxanthin is a reddish antioxidant carotenoid with intense free radical scavenging activity, making it a potent anti-aging supplement. It accumulates in cell membranes and protects against oxidative damage to cellular DNA, proteins, and lipids. Astaxanthin has been shown to protect the skin from UV-induced damage and aging. It also has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in the brain that may mitigate age-related cognitive decline. Astaxanthin neutralizes oxidative stress that drives aging by suppressing reactive oxygen species and boosting endogenous antioxidants.

Berberine

Berberine is an alkaloid compound with emerging anti-aging properties. It activates AMPK, an enzyme involved in energy homeostasis that mediates many benefits of caloric restriction. Activation of AMPK by berberine improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, which are impaired during aging. Berberine also stimulates autophagy to remove damaged cellular components and may have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-kB. By targeting metabolic efficiency and cellular repair processes, berberine supplementation may support healthy longevity and be an essential biohacking tool for managing age-related glucose intolerance.

Cannabinoids

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) in our bodies plays a pivotal role in maintaining whole-body balance, and there's an increasing interest in biohacking this system through various practices and supplements. Among the cannabinoids found in cannabis, CBD has emerged as the superstar for its health-promoting benefits without the psychoactive effects. These compounds are showing promise in improving a wide array of health conditions and also supporting general wellness.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a powerful antioxidant that is central to mitochondrial energy production. CoQ10 levels decline with age, contributing to reduced energy metabolism and greater oxidative stress. Supplementing with CoQ10 enhances mitochondrial function while also scavenging free radicals. By supporting mitochondrial performance and combating oxidative damage, CoQ10 has been shown to benefit cardiovascular health, brain function, exercise capacity, and lifespan in aging populations. By preserving mitochondrial function, CoQ10 supplementation can potentially increase energy, maintain healthy organs, and extend our health span as we age.

Collagen Peptides

Collagen production naturally declines with age, leading to common signs of aging like wrinkled skin and joint discomfort. Collagen peptides from supplements have been shown to increase collagen levels to counteract these effects. Studies show collagen peptides improve skin elasticity, hydration, and dermal collagen density to smooth wrinkles. They also reduce joint pain and inflammation by supporting cartilage integrity. Collagen peptides stimulate collagen synthesis, extracellular matrix production, and fibroblast proliferation to rejuvenate connective tissues. Their ability to increase collagen systemically makes collagen peptides an effective anti-aging supplement.

Curcumin (from Turmeric)

Curcumin is the primary bioactive compound in turmeric, responsible for its vibrant golden color and medicinal effects. As a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, curcumin exhibits diverse mechanisms that may help slow aging. It activates the Nrf2 pathway to induce cellular antioxidant defenses while suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Curcumin has been shown to reduce oxidative stress, improve endothelial function, and potentially delay Alzheimer's disease. By lowering inflammation and protecting against free radicals, curcumin may mitigate many age-related chronic diseases.

Dasatinib

Dasatinib, a medication traditionally used in cancer treatment, garners interest in longevity research for its senolytic properties. These properties enable it to trigger autophagy, the body's cellular cleanup process, which may help eliminate senescent cells. These cells accumulate with age, decreasing efficiency in our body's functions. However, due to its risks, researchers consider it a secondary option for anti-aging strategies.

DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone)

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a hormone that declines naturally with age. DHEA has exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulating activities in studies. It may also enhance insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health. In some cases, supplementing older adults with DHEA has been linked to increased muscle strength, improved mood and well-being, and enhanced cognition. Under medical supervision, DHEA supplementation may help correct age-related hormonal imbalances. But the impacts on longevity require further investigation for definitive anti-aging biohacking benefits.

Epitalon

Epitalon is a synthetic peptide recognized for its potential anti-aging effects, derived from an extract of cow pineal glands. It is known for activating the enzyme telomerase, which maintains telomeres, the structures that protect DNA. Self-quantification aficionados sometimes use telomere testing to assess the impact of lifestyle changes objectively. Epitalon is gaining popularity among anti-aging circles for its purported ability to shield genes from age-related damage and to support pineal gland health.

EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory polyphenol found abundantly in green tea. Through its free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities, EGCG may help slow the aging process. For skin health, EGCG protects collagen from degradation and reduces UV damage when applied topically. Its antioxidant and cell-protective effects show promise for preventing neurodegenerative disease as well. With its multifaceted mechanisms, EGCG holds potential as an accessible anti-aging and biohacking supplement.

Fullerene

Fullerene, also known as C60, is a novel antioxidant that has been shown to significantly extend the lifespan of animals in studies, with one particular study noting a 90% increase in rat lifespans. This spherical carbon molecule benefits health by removing metabolic byproducts and neutralizing free radicals. However, human studies on C60 are limited, and further research is needed to understand its potential and safety for human use fully.

Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo biloba is an herbal supplement derived from the maidenhair tree with anti-aging properties. Ginkgo contains antioxidant compounds like flavonoids and terpenoids that combat free radicals and inflammation. Studies show ginkgo can improve cognition, mood, and memory retention in older adults by increasing blood flow and supporting brain health. Ginkgo also enhances circulation throughout the body, allowing greater oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues and organs. This may prevent age-related cardiovascular and cognitive decline. It may help preserve mental sharpness, physical function, and longevity through its antioxidant activity and ability to enhance tissue circulation.

Ginseng

Ginseng contains active compounds called ginsenosides with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting effects. Research shows ginseng can enhance mental and physical performance while reducing fatigue in older adults. Ginseng also sharpens cognition, improves mood, and may help prevent neurodegenerative disease. Additionally, it strengthens the immune system against viruses and infections that become more prevalent with age. Ginseng is an ergogenic aid, increasing exercise capacity and muscle function.

Glucosamine

Glucosamine is an amino sugar and a key component of joint cartilage that declines with age, leading to stiff, painful joints. Supplementing with glucosamine may prevent age-related joint degeneration by building cartilage and reducing inflammation. Human studies show glucosamine can decrease joint pain, improve mobility, and slow the progression of osteoarthritis. It also exhibits antioxidant activity to combat inflammatory free radical damage. Glucosamine further supports gut health and microbiome diversity, which decline with age. Its joint-protective and anti-inflammatory effects make glucosamine a useful anti-aging supplement, especially for maintaining mobility.

GlyNAC

A supplement combining the amino acids glycine and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is gaining attention for its potential health and longevity benefits. Glycine is a building block for proteins and is instrumental in creating glutathione, a significant antioxidant that protects cells from damage. It also promotes collagen production for healthy skin, joints, and bones. NAC contributes an acetyl group that supports various biochemical processes, including detoxification. These amino acids enhance each other's effects, potentially supporting neurotransmitter production and cognitive functions. This synergistic duo is often missing from modern diets, making GlyNAC a noteworthy supplement for bolstering overall health.

Grape Seed Extract

Grape seed extract contains potent antioxidant compounds called oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) that provide cellular and anti-aging benefits. OPCs are powerful free radical scavengers that help combat oxidative damage from aging, stress, and environmental factors. Grape seed extract has been shown to enhance cardiovascular health, reduce inflammation, and protect the skin through its antioxidant effects. Studies indicate OPCs may also support brain health and cognition. Grape seed extract can help slow the aging of cells, tissues, and organs by neutralizing free radicals and suppressing oxidative damage.

H2 (Molecular Hydrogen)

One of the most fundamental and abundant elements in the cosmos has been recognized for its potential health benefits at the cellular level. Unlike most antioxidants that indiscriminately target free radicals, molecular hydrogen is selective, neutralizing only the detrimental ones and preserving beneficial signaling molecules. Supported by over a thousand peer-reviewed scientific publications, H2 reduces brain inflammation, lowers oxidative stress, activates NRF2—a protective pathway, cleanses neurons, and mitigates inflammation and damage from chronic stress.

Hydrogen Water

Hydrogen-infused water is a promising new biohacking strategy that may slow aging by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. This may enhance mitochondrial function, improve metabolism, boost antioxidant activity, and suppress inflammatory cytokines. Animal studies and some human trials show hydrogen water consumption counteracts oxidative damage, benefits cognition and mood, and reduces cardiovascular risk factors. While more clinical evidence is needed, hydrogen water’s excellent safety profile and straightforward daily usage make it an easily accessible anti-aging intervention.

ISRIB

An experimental drug, an integrated stress response inhibitor, has shown promising results in enhancing learning and memory in rodent studies. It's currently under investigation for its potential to reverse cognitive impairments caused by traumatic brain injury. Remarkably, recent research from 2020 indicates that ISRIB may rapidly reverse age-related memory decline and improve mental flexibility, challenging the long-standing belief that such memory loss is permanent. Despite its potential, ISRIB is still in the experimental stages.

Ketones

The ketogenic diet's rise in popularity is primarily due to its effectiveness in weight loss and enhancing mental clarity. Ketones, produced when the body burns fat for fuel, serve as a powerful energy source for the brain, akin to high-octane fuel, contributing to sustained energy levels and cognitive function. These ketones are particularly crucial for brains that are aging or have suffered trauma, as they may struggle to utilize traditional fuel sources like carbohydrates efficiently. By increasing blood ketone levels, the brain gains access to an alternative energy source, which can help reactivate previously energy-deprived regions.

L-Arginine

L-arginine, an amino acid, is recognized for its potential to enhance blood flow and cardiovascular health, which is pivotal for anti-aging and biohacking. It synthesizes nitric oxide, leading to improved circulation, which supports nutrient delivery and waste removal at the cellular level. This process is essential for maintaining cellular vitality and may contribute to longevity by optimizing physical performance and recovery.

L-Carnitine

L-carnitine is an amino acid that plays a vital role in fat metabolism and energy production. It transports fatty acids into mitochondria, oxidizing them to produce ATP. Supplementing with L-carnitine aids mitochondrial function, which declines with age and reduces energy levels. By supporting fat-burning and mitochondrial activity, L-carnitine has shown promise for increasing physical and mental energy in aging populations. L-carnitine also exhibits antioxidant properties that may mitigate oxidative stress involved in aging. Studies suggest that L-carnitine supplementation can improve older adults' cognition, cardiovascular health, and exercise capacity.

Lycopene

Lycopene, a potent antioxidant found in tomatoes, offers various anti-aging benefits. It provides photoprotection against UV damage, which helps prevent premature skin aging and may lower the risk of skin cancer. Lycopene is also associated with improved brain health and a reduced risk of cognitive decline, including conditions like Alzheimer's. Additionally, lycopene supports heart health by protecting against atherosclerosis and maintaining bone density​.

Magnesium

Magnesium is a vital macromineral that plays a significant role in numerous bodily functions, including DNA repair and energy production. As we age, our body's ability to absorb and store magnesium diminishes, accelerating aging and the onset of age-related diseases such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. Magnesium activates many enzymes and supports bone growth, nerve impulses, and a healthy heart rhythm. Maintaining adequate magnesium levels is crucial for preventing the calcification of mitochondria, which can lead to diminished organ function and faster aging.

Melatonin

Melatonin, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles, is crucial for brain health, potentially slowing Alzheimer's progression and mitigating its symptoms. It also impacts biological aging, with lower levels linked to accelerated aging. Studies suggest melatonin might extend lifespan by maintaining circadian rhythms and improving sleep quality, which in turn can affect aging positively. Its ability to prevent harmful protein formations and support cognitive functions makes it a significant element in anti-aging strategies and biohacking for overall well-being

Metformin

Metformin, derived from the French Lilac plant, is noted to have cellular benefits that may promote healthy aging. Its mechanism of action involves activating the AMPK pathway, which simultaneously may cause minor damage to mitochondria. This mitochondrial stress might induce a 'renewal' effect similar to how muscles strengthen after exercise-induced microtears.

Milk Thistle

Milk thistle is a renowned antioxidant that is particularly beneficial for liver health. It's been shown to help rebuild liver cells, reduce liver damage, and detoxify the body from toxins processed through the liver. Its benefits also extend to potentially protecting against multiple types of cancer by inhibiting cancer cell growth and reversing tumor growth due to its immune-boosting and DNA-protecting effects. It also offers advantages for skin health, providing UV protection and reducing the visible signs of aging. It lowers blood sugar levels in people with insulin resistance, which is especially beneficial for individuals managing type 2 diabetes. Moreover, milk thistle may support cardiovascular health by reducing inflammation, cleaning blood, and managing cholesterol levels.

MitoQ

MitoQ is a supplement engineered to deliver the antioxidant CoQ10 directly to the mitochondria, the energy generators in our cells. By accumulating in mitochondria-rich tissues like the heart and brain, MitoQ may help reduce oxidative damage linked to aging and diseases. Several studies have shown MitoQ can reverse age-related mitochondrial decline, improve cardiovascular health, decrease inflammation, and even slow neurodegeneration. The unique mitochondrial-targeted delivery system makes MitoQ an ideal anti-aging and biohacking supplement for supporting cellular energy and longevity. A low daily dose provides powerful antioxidant protection against mitochondrial oxidative stress to combat the aging process at its root.

MOTS-C

MOTS-C is a naturally occurring mitochondrial-derived peptide that plays a key role in metabolic regulation and maintaining optimal mitochondrial function. MOTS-C levels steadily decline as we age, contributing to age-related mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and metabolic disease. Supplementing with MOTS-C has been shown to mimic the effects of exercise and calorie restriction in mice by stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis, enhancing insulin sensitivity, increasing fat burning, and preventing obesity. MOTS-C peptides may also boost antioxidant activity to combat inflammation. Studies reveal MOTS-C can increase lifespan and improve age-related declines in mice. Its ability to enhance mitochondrial function, metabolic health, and resilience against stressors gives MOTS-C great potential as an anti-aging and biohacking peptide. Early research indicates MOTS-C supplementation may be an impactful strategy for increasing energy, regulating metabolism, and promoting longevity.

N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is recognized for its capacity to enhance antioxidant defenses, which is crucial for combating oxidative stress associated with aging. It plays a pivotal role in replenishing glutathione levels, thus supporting cellular health and detoxification processes. Moreover, NAC is beneficial for respiratory health, helping to alleviate symptoms by thinning mucus. Its anti-inflammatory properties extend to potentially aiding in mood stabilization and exhibiting protective effects against certain chronic diseases and cancers.

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+)

NAD+ is a crucial coenzyme in energy production, DNA repair, and cellular signaling. NAD+ levels decline significantly as we age, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of cognition, and reduced longevity. Supplementing with NAD+ has emerged as a promising anti-aging and biohacking strategy to restore optimal levels. By supporting mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, NAD+ supplements may increase physical and mental vigor in aging populations. NAD+ also activates sirtuins and other anti-aging proteins, enhancing DNA repair and antioxidant activity. Early human trials show benefits for muscle endurance, fatigue, and inflammation. As a vital coenzyme for cellular health and survival, NAD+ supplements hold remarkable potential for enhancing energy, combating disease, and promoting longevity.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)

NMN is a supplement that aims to increase levels of NAD+, an essential molecule involved in energy production and DNA repair that declines with age. Longevity researcher David Sinclair has helped popularize NMN based on studies showing it can restore NAD+ levels and improve function in aged cells and animals. By replenishing NAD+, NMN may counteract many effects of aging, including metabolic dysfunction, loss of cognition, and decreased energy. Animal research indicates NMN can extend lifespan, increase resilience, and improve outcomes for obesity and diabetes. Though more human data is needed, the science is promising that NMN supplementation may boost cellular health, slow aging, reduce disease risk, and promote longevity. NMN’s role as an NAD+ precursor gives it exciting potential as an anti-aging compound.

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH)

NADH is a coenzyme involved in energy production and cellular repair that declines with age. Supplementing with NADH has shown promise in boosting these processes to counteract aspects of aging. NADH plays a key role in mitochondrial respiration and ATP energy synthesis. By supporting mitochondrial function, NADH supplements may enhance physical and mental energy, endurance, and nerve transmission in aging adults. NADH also has antioxidant properties to combat oxidative stress and inflammation. Studies have found NADH supplementation can improve cognition in dementia and Parkinson’s patients while enhancing focus and concentration in healthy adults. Other research shows NADH may reduce fatigue, decrease biological age markers, and extend lifespan.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA & DHA)

Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA from sources like fish oil, have been highlighted for their significant roles in supporting overall health. These long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are known for their anti-inflammatory effects, crucial in preventing and managing age-related diseases. Studies suggest that regular consumption of omega-3-rich seafood can reduce the risk of heart disease, a major benefit given the cardiovascular risks associated with aging. Additionally, omega-3s are essential for brain health, potentially offering protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress within the brain. For biohackers looking into anti-aging, the ability of omega-3 fatty acids to support heart health, improve cognitive function, and possibly extend lifespan is particularly compelling.

Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid found in high concentrations in the brain, is gaining attention for its potential benefits in anti-aging and biohacking. It has been shown to improve cognitive function, reduce stress and cortisol levels, and enhance mood. Studies suggest that it can lower stress, improve mood in young adults and older adults, and even lower depression in the elderly, especially when combined with omega-3 fatty acids. For athletes, phosphatidylserine has shown promise in increasing exercise capacity and reducing muscle soreness. It's also being explored for its potential to manage symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD, showcasing its versatility in supporting mental health across different age groups. Additionally, its role in improving sleep quality by managing cortisol release.

Pregnenolone

Pregnenolone, a naturally occurring steroid hormone precursor, has garnered attention for its potential anti-aging and biohacking benefits. This compound may play a crucial role in enhancing cognitive functions, managing mood disorders such as depression and schizophrenia, and improving memory. Its neurosteroid properties make it a candidate for therapeutic use in neuropsychiatric conditions, with studies indicating potential benefits in reducing symptoms of schizophrenia and improving cognitive performance and mood in depressive disorders. Additionally, pregnenolone has shown promise in neuroprotective functions, potentially reducing dementia-related toxins in Alzheimer's disease and improving conditions in Parkinson's disease by affecting steroid hormones in the brain.

Pterostilbene

Pterostilbene is a compound related to resveratrol found in red wine that exhibits significant anti-aging effects. While resveratrol has not met expectations, over 400 studies support pterostilbene as a more potent health-promoting nutrient. Pterostilbene is a strong antioxidant and stimulates the body's endogenous antioxidant systems. It also activates specific longevity proteins and genes associated with sirtuins and AMP kinase. In doing so, pterostilbene mimics caloric restriction and autophagy, cellular renewal processes induced by low-calorie intake. Additionally, pterostilbene ramps up DNA repair mechanisms. Through these combined effects of reducing oxidative damage, supporting cellular repair processes, and optimizing energy utilization, pterostilbene shows promise as an anti-aging dietary supplement with tangible benefits for overall health and longevity. More research is still needed, but current evidence indicates pterostilbene may confer more anti-aging activity than the better-known compound resveratrol.

Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ)

Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) supports mitochondrial biogenesis, the process of forming new mitochondria. This is crucial because mitochondria are the cell's powerhouses responsible for energy production. Enhanced mitochondrial function means improved energy levels and cellular health, vital for slowing aging and optimizing physical and cognitive performance.PQQ also exhibits strong antioxidant properties, helping to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, a major contributor to cellular aging and damage. By protecting cells from oxidative harm, PQQ can help mitigate the onset of age-related diseases and support overall longevity. Moreover, research suggests that PQQ could play a role in improving cognitive function and protecting against neurodegenerative diseases by fostering the growth of new nerve cells and enhancing nerve growth factors.

Quercetin

Quercetin is a potent free radical scavenger, quercetin may help combat aging by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Quercetin activates AMPK, SIRT1, and other cellular protection and longevity pathways. It also induces autophagy to clear damaged proteins and mitochondria. Quercetin may specifically benefit the cardiovascular system through its antihypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic, and cholesterol-lowering effects. Other research shows quercetin can preserve cognition, reduce risk factors for diabetes and cancer, and improve exercise endurance. With its diverse antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cellular repair mechanisms, quercetin is a promising natural compound for anti-aging and biohacking. With advancing age, supplementing with quercetin appears to support mitochondrial function, metabolic health, and physiological resilience.

R-Lipoic Acid

R-Lipoic Acid (R-LA), the biologically active form of alpha-lipoic acid, is recognized for its unique antioxidant properties and its significant role in cellular metabolism, particularly in mitochondrial function. R-LA is involved in cell energy production and is critical in the intracellular antioxidant cycle, scavenging various free radicals and reactive oxygen species while recycling other antioxidants like vitamins C, E, and glutathione. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier makes it a promising agent for neuroprotective benefits, potentially offering therapeutic advantages for conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, its effects on improving intracellular glutathione levels can be pivotal for maintaining eye health and preventing liver damage, among other health benefits.

Rapamycin

Rapamycin, also known as sirolimus, is a compound first discovered on Easter Island that has recently shown promise as a longevity-promoting drug. It is typically used to suppress overactive immune function for organ transplants. However, new research reveals rapamycin may also inhibit senescent "zombie" cells that drive aging. By preventing senescent cells from releasing inflammatory factors, rapamycin potentially exhibits senomorphic effects to enhance cellular health and longevity. However, rapamycin is not without drawbacks. It may negatively impact metabolism and anabolic processes needed for muscle building. Rapamycin is also a potent immune suppressor that could be dangerous without medical oversight. While rapamycin exhibits anti-aging properties in cells and animals, more research is still needed to determine its risks versus benefits in humans. When used carefully and selectively, rapamycin may promise to increase the health span by targeting cellular senescence. However, supervision is imperative, given its severe immunosuppressive effects.

Resveratrol

Resveratrol, a compound found in red wine, nuts, and grapes, has gained attention in anti-aging and biohacking circles. It activates sirtuins, particularly SIRT1, proteins involved in the aging process. By mimicking the effects of calorie restriction, resveratrol may help extend lifespan and combat age-related diseases. Research suggests it improves mitochondrial function, potentially offering therapeutic benefits against metabolic diseases and enhancing overall health. Further exploration into resveratrol's mechanisms could lead to new longevity and disease prevention strategies.

Rhodiola

Rhodiola is an adaptogenic herb used for centuries in Arctic regions and Asian medicinal traditions to promote longevity, health, and stress resilience. Recent research on Rhodiola has uncovered its potent anti-aging properties. It acts as an antioxidant to combat oxidative damage and boosts the body's endogenous antioxidant systems. Rhodiola enhances DNA repair mechanisms, inhibits inflammation, and may have anti-cancer and anti-viral activities. It is thought to improve the body's adaptation to stressors and hypoxic conditions. The species Rhodiola rosea, in particular, has been shown to increase resistance to mental and physical fatigue. Rhodiola's diverse mechanisms, from antioxidant support to improving angiogenesis and immunity, demonstrate its potential as an anti-aging supplement. Traditional use and modern research point to Rhodiola as a valuable adaptogenic herb that may prolong lifespan by optimizing cellular processes, DNA repair, and physiological responses.

Selenium

Selenium is a crucial trace mineral that offers many benefits for anti-aging and biohacking, emphasizing its essential role in combating oxidative stress and enhancing overall health. Notably, selenium aids in improving thyroid function by supporting the metabolism of thyroid hormones, which is vital for the smooth operation of this gland. Furthermore, selenium's antioxidant capabilities are instrumental in scavenging free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress contributing to aging and developing various diseases. Its ability to boost glutathione peroxidase activity is particularly noteworthy, as this enzyme plays a key role in neutralizing harmful peroxides, potentially lowering the risk of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to its physical health benefits, selenium has been shown to improve mental health and mood, offering protective effects against cognitive decline and mood disorders.

SkQ1

SkQ1 is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that concentrates within the mitochondria to provide powerful anti-aging effects. It consists of plastoquinone, an antioxidant moiety coupled to a cation that drives accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix. By scavenging reactive oxygen species directly where they are generated, SkQ1 defends mitochondria from oxidative damage. This supports mitochondrial function and cellular health. Studies demonstrate SkQ1 can increase lifespan, improve heart function, enhance vision, reduce tumor growth, and relieve age-related Alzheimer’s pathologies in animal models. Its ability to specifically target mitochondrial oxidative stress gives SkQ1 great potential for mitigating age-related mitochondrial dysfunction.

Spermidine

Spermidine is a natural polyamine compound our bodies produce and obtain through foods like wheat germ, soy, fruits, and aged cheese. Research on spermidine is emerging, but early studies suggest it may have longevity benefits. Spermidine appears to induce autophagy, a process of cellular cleanup and renewal. It may also be neuroprotective, lower blood pressure, and reduce all-cause mortality. Population studies note correlations between dietary spermidine and longer lifespans. Through autophagy stimulation and other protective mechanisms, spermidine shows promise as a supplement to promote healthspan and longevity. More human data is still needed, but spermidine's biological roles indicate it may help maintain cellular function, reduce age-related disease processes, and extend health into old age.

Urolithin A

Urolithin A, a metabolite produced by gut microbiota from ellagitannins found in foods like pomegranates, nuts, and berries, is gaining interest in anti-aging and biohacking communities. It's known for its potential to stimulate mitophagy, the selective autophagic degradation of mitochondria, which can improve mitochondrial function and cellular health. This process is crucial for combating age-related decline in muscle function, enhancing cellular rejuvenation, and potentially extending lifespan. Urolithin A's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties further contribute to its anti-aging benefits, making it a promising supplement for health optimization and longevity.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D, often called the "sunshine vitamin," is crucial in anti-aging and biohacking practices. It's essential for bone health, immune function, and reducing inflammation. Adequate Vitamin D levels can help mitigate age-related changes by enhancing cell growth and neuromuscular and immune function and reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, cancer, and cardiovascular conditions. Its role in regulating mood and protecting the brain against cognitive decline further underscores its importance in longevity and overall well-being.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C is a powerhouse antioxidant widely recognized for its potential in anti-aging and biohacking. It supports collagen synthesis, which is crucial for skin elasticity and joint health, and combats free radicals, reducing oxidative stress that accelerates aging. By bolstering the immune system, Vitamin C also protects against age-related diseases. Furthermore, its role in enhancing brain function and mood regulation aligns with biohacking objectives to optimize health and longevity.

Vitamin E

Vitamin E is a key nutrient in anti-aging and biohacking, known for its strong antioxidant properties that protect cells from damage by free radicals and environmental stressors. It supports skin health by reducing UV damage and improving skin moisture and elasticity. Additionally, Vitamin E plays a role in immune function enhancement and cardiovascular health by preventing oxidation of cholesterol and reducing the risk of heart disease. Its benefits in cognitive health, through the prevention of oxidative stress in the brain, make it a vital component for longevity and wellness optimization.

Zinc

Zinc is crucial for anti-aging and biohacking, enhancing immune function, DNA repair, and cellular metabolism. It acts as an antioxidant, fighting oxidative stress and reducing inflammation, key factors in aging. Zinc's role in skin health, by maintaining collagen structure and wound healing, supports its anti-aging benefits. Additionally, it's vital for hormonal balance and cognitive function, making it an essential mineral for longevity and optimizing body functions.

This list is constantly evolving and updated to reflect the latest anti-aging and biohacking advancements.